Turbulence
| ← Should copyright law be extended to useful articles such as clothing and shoe designs | Fair Labor Standards Act → |
Turbulence is referred to the up and down air currents that mix up the air in the troposphere. While on a flight, these air currents feel like bumps in the road. A number of reasons have been given to explain these occurrences. In definition thermal turbulence is the type of atmospheric turbulence that results from convection currents (Peter 68). It is generated in the boundary layer just as mechanical turbulence. It is as a result of rising thermals of air generated by surface heating. When the surface heating becomes maximized, thermal turbulence also maximizes.
Mechanical turbulence, on the other hand, is as a result of an aircraft encountering strong winds, which blow over irregular terrains. It occurs near the ground at below four thousand feet. It usually affects take off and landing. In order to avoid it after take off, the pilot can steepen the angle at which the airplane is climbing. On landing, he or she can decrease the speed of the aircraft (Reif 58).
The other type is convective turbulence, it occurs mostly during the day. The sun heats up the earth, then the earth heats up the overlying air. The degree of the air hotness will determine the bumpiness of the turbulence. Turbulence can be signified by white convective or cumulus clouds. So, pilots should be watchful of these clouds.
Orographic turbulence, on the other hand, occurs when strong winds blow perpendicularly to a mountain range. This will then cause a mountain wave. Pilots should avoid the bumpier air of the downwind side or climb over it. Frontal turbulence is turbulence caused by a sudden change in the direction of the wind due to a weather front. The latest weather chart should tell the pilots the location of these fronts and the speed they move at.
Jetsteams are defined as rivers of air existing in high altitudes approximately thirteen kilometers above the earth’s surface. They are as a result of two unlike masses of air which are of different temperatures adjacent to each other. There occurs a pressure change at the meeting point of these masses. Wind is eventually formed; high pressure air that flows into low pressure. This wind will then result in a steam as a result of the Coriolis force. The steams are the ones responsible for all sorts of turbulence.
Clear Air Turbulence is turbulence that happens as a result of the air that is being disrupted around a jet steam. The jet steam, the centre most area, can reach speeds of up to 255 mph. The edges outside, on the other hand, have approximately 55 mph. So, air pockets are in between the layers moving from the fast area to the slower one. The pockets are the ones that can cause a plane to drop suddenly up to about 15 feet.
In the case of wake turbulence, the wings of an airplane can cause spirals of air behind them that can cause turbulence fro a short while. Windshear comes as a result of cold air descending swiftly (Davidson 50-57). At the same time, warm air rises to the point where there is hardly any left below the cold air. The cold air drops to the ground and splashes to produce surface winds. This can make landing or take off somehow difficult.
Wake intensities are influenced by a number of things; the weight of the airplane, the speed and angle of attack and lastly the wing configuration. The atmospheric conditions have an effect on the length of the wake. It should also be noted that the wingspan and weight of an airplane have a strong influence in the magnitude of the wake. With two aircrafts of the same weight but different wingspan the one with the smaller wingspan needs to generate more lift and the result will be a stronger wake (Tennekes 35).
Turbulence should not be made to look like an accident about to happen. It is advisable to keep seat belts fastened at all times while in flight. Passengers who are afraid of flight should keep calm and know that pilots and the air crews are well trained to deal with turbulences. They get weather information from various trusted sources. People should just imagine that they are in a car and what they experience looks like a road bump.
- Fair Labor Standards Act
- Trust and Power: The Darfur conflict
- Should copyright law be extended to useful articles such as clothing and shoe designs
- King Leopold
|
Bryce F.
Capistrano, CA
|
|
|
Thanks for the excellent job that you guys did on my history assignment and my bio research paper. I never could have done this on my own. |
||
|
Willow P.
Park City, UT
|
|
|
You guys do top-notch work. Time after time, I have had to rely on your help and I can say honestly that you have never let me down. Thank you so much for coming through for me every time. I am not a good writer. I try. I study hard, but when I need help, you are always there to give it to me at an affordable price. |
||
|
Della M.
Belfast, IR
|
|
|
I had to turn on my laptop for the express purpose of writing to you. I had to let you know what lifesavers you people are! I had never even considered hiring a professional writer to help me and was almost resigned to dropping out of school altogether. Then, I thought about it, and asked myself what it would hurt to try EssaysEmpire.com for just one paper. That paper was written astonishingly well! From that one paper, I learned many of the things that I did not know about writing. It was perfect, so I learned all about formatting in the APA style. I learned a lot, so I want to thank you for that. |
||
|
Jaffar M.
Salt Lake City, UT
|
|
|
My sincere thanks for a job well done. My professor loved my paper and commended me for handing in the one that your writing service helped me with. The paper flowed very well. It was logical and intelligent-sounding. I was very pleased overall. |
||
|
Quincy S.
Cambridge, MA
|
|
|
You guys did a super job on my paper. The work definitely exceeded my expectations and eased my anxiety. This was the first time I had hired a writing service. The transaction was seamless. I would use you guys again in a heartbeat! No questions asked. You’re the best, hands down. |
||
|
Ohjasi O.
Tokyo, JP
|
|
|
The essay that your writers turned out for me far exceeded what I was expecting. It even came with a plagiarism report to prove that it was original. The customer service center was the picture of perfection, too. I loved everything about using EssaysEmpire.com and plan to use your services again. You are one class act! |
||
|
Mary R.
New York
|
|
|
Writer #48376 was very easy to work with. My professor made some changes to his requirements after he had assigned the paper. All I had to do was call your customer service and request to speak with the writer directly. Was able to relay the changes that my professor wanted, and he (writer #48376) accommodated them with no problem. I thought that was great. No headaches and perfect work. I couldn’t ask for a better experience! |
||
|
Allen P.
Denver, CO
|
|
|
Writer #3827 is a great writer! I got an A+ on my very first paper of the term. This is the way to set the pace for the rest of the term. Thanks! |
||
|
Kaylie B.
Casper, WY
|
|
|
Thank you, EssaysEmpire.com, for being the one writing service that I can always depend upon. You are reliable, honest and you do great work. I have been happy with every order I have placed with you |
||
|
Judy C.
Bolingbrook, IL
|
|
|
I have used EssaysEmpire.com for two years now, and I wouldn’t even consider trying another writing service. I am convinced that there is no other service as good as EssaysEmpire.com, and I only want to work with the best. EssaysEmpire.com has given me well written papers that have come in well before their deadlines, every time. I am happy with EssaysEmpire.com and commit to sticking with them. |
||
|
Steve P.
Portland, OR
|
|
|
I am beginning to understand why your writing service was recommended to me so highly. Everything you do is a cut above your competition. You’re really great! |
||
|
Phoebe K.
Madison, CT
|
|
|
I find your writing company to be professional, proficient and perfect. Your papers are always so good! They make good reading, in addition to being well written assignments. I can tell your writers really know their stuff! |
||
|
Trilly M.
Spokane, WA
|
|
|
I just had to let you know how much I appreciated receiving a paper back that was of quality that high. I will recommend your writing service to other people I know. You guys do great work. |
||
|
Doreen A.
Malibu, CA
|
|
|
Due to a family emergency, I was unable to complete a very important paper. Thanks to EssaysEmpire.com, I was able to hand in a well written paper and not sacrifice my grade. I will be forever grateful to your writing service for providing such outstanding work. Thank you so much. |
||
|
Enrico V.
San Diego, CA
|
|
|
I was really happy about the speedy turn around time for my paper. It is rare to find a writing service that can write things so quickly without taking away from their quality. Hats off to EssaysEmpire.com! |
||
|
Hillary M.
Santa Cruz, CA
|
|
|
I received 100 points out of a possible 100 for the paper that you wrote for me. |
||
|
Tricia A.
Calabasas, CA
|
|
|
Thanks for everything. I like your writing service a lot. Your staff is friendly and they’re always open. The papers that you’ve written for me have been very good. |
||
|
Glen M.
Oakland, CA
|
|
|
Your writers are awesome! I got an A and two A+’s on the papers that they wrote for me! |
||
|
Billie N.
Atlanta, GA
|
|
|
EssaysEmpire.com is the only writing company that I can trust with my important writing projects. I have learned that I can count on your quality and ability without fail. Thank you, EssaysEmpire.com, for only hiring the best writers. I wouldn’t dream of using any other writing service. |
||
|
Nancy T.
Little Rock, AR
|
|
|
The quality of the work produced by your professional writers is second to none. No wonder you have the reputation for being the best writing service online! You certainly met up to all of my expectations! You’re the best, for sure. |
||